  
{"id":297351,"date":"2024-04-17T12:32:43","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T05:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unair.ac.id\/the-impact-of-anthrax-on-animals-and-humans\/"},"modified":"2024-04-23T13:28:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T06:28:42","slug":"the-impact-of-anthrax-on-animals-and-humans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unair.ac.id\/en\/the-impact-of-anthrax-on-animals-and-humans\/","title":{"rendered":"The Impact of Anthrax on Animals and Humans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Anthrax is an infectious disease caused zoonosis by Bacillus anthracis. Mammals, especially herbivores, and several species of birds are the main species affected by this disease. Animals such as cows, buffalo, goats, sheep and pigs are often infected. There are several other names for anthrax, such as malignant edema, malignant pustules, woolsorter&#8217;s disease, and lymph inflammation. Anthrax can be transmitted from animals to humans through contact with lesions, using contaminated animal products, and inhaling B. anthracis spores. In the world, anthrax incidents often only impact small geographic areas. Alkaline areas, calcareous soil, warm climates, and occasional flooding are the areas where outbreaks occur most frequently. In cases of severe infection, the effects of anthrax can cause the animal to die within 48-72 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although anthrax has been documented in the \r\nUnited States, Australia, Sweden, Italy, and several \r\nother European countries, Asia and Africa are thought \r\nto be the most affected. Human anthrax deaths \r\nhave also been reported in a number of Indonesian \r\nProvinces, particularly in endemic regions. The \r\nhigh fatality rate associated with anthrax in humans \r\nis usually caused by undetected and inadequate treatment. Anthrax is an enzootic illness that involves \r\nre-emerging or repeated disease. The disease can \r\nmanifest in peracute, acute, subacute, and chronic \r\nforms in animals. In cases of severe infection, animals may die within 48\u201372 h, and blood may fail to \r\nclot and seep from the nose, mouth, and anus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0824cd6c58fe736727a3b6a70815f069\"><strong>Anthrax Case<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In the first half of the 20th century, the World \r\nHealth Organization reported 20,000\u2013100,000 cases \r\nof anthrax in humans and livestock annually worldwide. In the second half of the 20th century, the anthrax incidence subsequently declined to approximately 2000 cases\/year. The incidence of anthrax is much lower today than it was in the 20th century because many countries have not reported any recent cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a possibility that the disease infection \r\nwill spread throughout the body and result in serious \r\nillness. Anyone who comes into contact with anthrax spores has a chance of getting sick, although the risk is higher for those who frequently work with animals, such as those who raise cattle, work as veterinarians, or handle animal products. The risk of exposure to humans, cattle, and wildlife remains considerable even though the infection rate has decreased in the 21st century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The presence of anthrax in a region can cause problems for the local population because it affects not only people\u2019s health but also their economic well-being, especially those who depend on cattle. Anthrax is a particular type of strategically infectious animal illness that causes significant animal mortality, monetary losses, and societal instability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cc2fd7229b89705cdc50ee72aaaff640\"><strong>Prevention<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Efforts to prevent the spread of anthrax can be \r\ncarried out, among others, by routinely vaccinating \r\nlivestock every year or according to the recommendations of the competent authority, reporting to health officials if they find meat that is slimy, smelly, and dull in color, complying with the Standard Operational Procedure and rules from the competent authority if you are going to add new livestock, separate sick animals from healthy livestock, avoid direct contact with animals suspected of being infected with anthrax, do not perform autopsies or surgeries on the carcasses of animals that have died from anthrax, cook meat until perfectly cooked, and the animals that died must be burned or buried deep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The public can take several precautions to prevent anthrax infection, such as purchasing and eating meat that has been legally certified as having been killed at a slaughterhouse, eating healthy, properly cooked animal meat, and washing \r\nhands with antiseptic soap after handling, processing, \r\nand cooking animal goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The public must immediately report to a livestock \r\nofficer or animal health center if they encounter sick or \r\nsudden death of livestock. Cows exhibiting these \r\nsymptoms should be confined immediately and given large doses of penicillin for 45 days. In addition, people are not allowed to take sick animals outside the area so that the disease does not spread to other areas, and they should clean themselves with soap or disinfectant immediately after contact with sick or dead animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89b3ad5726b37d6baffc067085ec0dde\"><strong>Counseling<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Counseling can be used to raise public awareness, \r\nand it should be preceded with a knowledge, attitude, \r\nand practice survey to gauge public opinion about \r\nanthrax. The foundation of anthrax control is vaccinating livestock using part of the bacterial toxin that has been purified or killed. The majority of vaccinations are carried out on susceptible livestock in endemic areas. In addition, early anthrax infection can be treated using antibiotics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the event of an outbreak, rapid measures are needed to reduce the effects, prevent environmental contamination and human exposure, and prompt and effective diagnosis and treatment of animals and humans infected with anthrax. Furthermore, public health organizations need to be more aware of the monitoring, inspection, and packaging of animal products, as a lack of knowledge may increase the risk of food contamination by pathogens, which can harm consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anthrax is a dangerous infectious disease. B. anthracis spores are resistant to extreme environments, making it a potential biological weapon. The transmission of these bacterial spores through aerosols can lead to fatal consequences that are difficult to diagnose and treat. Counseling can be used to raise public awareness of anthrax, and it should be preceded by a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey to gauge public opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Author: Prof. Dr. Mustofa Helmi Effendi, drh., DTAPH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Detailed information about this research can be found in our article at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Effendi MH, Widodo A, Hasib A, Silaen OSM, Moses IB, Yanestria SM, Gelolodo MA, Kurniawati DA. Ramandinianto SC, Afnani DA, Riwu KHP, and Ugbo EN (2024) Anthrax disease burden: Impact on animal and human health, Int. J. One Health, 10(1): 45\u201355.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onehealthjournal.org\/Vol.10\/No.1\/7.html\">www.doi.org\/10.14202\/IJOH.2024.45-55<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also read: <a href=\"https:\/\/unair.ac.id\/peran-sinyal-wnt-pada-penyembuhan-luka-pencabutan-gigi\/\">Peran Sinyal Wnt pada Penyembuhan Luka Pencabutan Gigi<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anthrax is an infectious disease caused zoonosis by Bacillus anthracis. Mammals, especially herbivores, and several species of birds are the main species affected by this disease. Animals such as cows, buffalo, goats, sheep and pigs are often infected. There are several other names for anthrax, such as malignant edema, malignant pustules, woolsorter&#8217;s disease, and lymph [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":296435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,14616],"tags":[9001,14038],"class_list":["post-297351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-scientific-article","category-scientific-article-en","tag-aip-en-2","tag-aip-dosen-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Impact of Anthrax on Animals and Humans - 51动漫 Official Website<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In cases of severe infection, the impact of anthrax can cause animals to die within 48-72 hours.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unair.ac.id\/en\/the-impact-of-anthrax-on-animals-and-humans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Impact of Anthrax on Animals and Humans - 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