Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the types of tuberculosis with the highest prevalence.听Tuberculosis can be transmitted through the air and droplets infected by听Mycobacterium tuberculosis听from one individual to another.听According to data from the Ministry of Health in 2017, in Surabaya there were 2330 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, consisting of 1384 men and 946 women.听Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is in the form of a combination of antibiotic drugs given in two phases of treatment, the intensive phase (two months) and the advanced phase (more than two months).
In some cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the oral cavity, a fungal infection called听oral candidiasis is听often found.听Long-term use of anti-tuberculosis drugs can increase the risk of developing听oral candidiasis.听Pulmonary tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs often feel discomfort in the oral cavity, such as a thick feeling on the tongue.听The use of anti-tuberculosis drugs can increase the risk of听oral candidiasis听due to the formation of听Candida听colonies,听especially the types of听Candida albicans.
This research was conducted on patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who underwent treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs in Dr.听Soetomo Surabaya from July to October 2017, there were 7 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with category 1 and category 2 anti-tuberculosis drug treatment. The results obtained from 4 patients with category 1 anti-tuberculosis drug treatment and 1 patient with category 1 anti-tuberculosis drug treatment, 2 were found with presence of听Candida albicans.听Meanwhile, another species of听Candida,听namely听Candida glabrata, was听found in 1 patient treated with category 1 anti-tuberculosis drugs.
The use of anti-tuberculosis drugs may be one of the causes of yeast infection in the oral cavity.听Pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are given anti-tuberculosis drugs, for example the fifampicin type, have a wider antibiotic activity than other types of anti-tuberculosis drugs.听Most听Candida albicans听infections were听found in patients on category 1 anti-tuberculosis treatment. Category 1 anti-tuberculosis drugs consist of a combination of rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and INH.听The use of Rifampin for 6 months can increase the number of听Candida albicans听colonies听and increase the ability of听Candida albicans听to invade the tissue due to an increase in the听Multi Drug Resistance 1 Receptor听protein听(MDR 1).听Rifampin is bactericidal against听Mycobacterium tuberculosis听and several other bacteria such as听Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Under normal circumstances,听Lactobacillus acidophilus is听able to inhibit the growth of听Candida albicans听through bacteriocin mechanisms such as acidocin, Lactacin B, Lactacin F, lactic acid and H听2听O听2听which can damage the permeability of听Candida albicans听membranes, but when the proliferation of听Lactobacillusacidophilus is听inhibited by anti-tuberculosis drug activity, the bacteriocin mechanism by听Lactobacillus听acidophilus听will also not be optimal.听The study concluded that the听Candida听species听most commonly found in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with anti-tuberculosis drug treatment is听Candida albicans.
Author: Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, drg., M.Kes., SpPM (K)
Details of the research can be viewed in our work: AEParmadiati, B. Soebadi, HT Hendarti, S.Winias, NFAyuningtyas, N. Radityarinidan Novitasari.听Distribution Of听Candida听Spp In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient Treated With Anti-Tuberculosis Drug In The Dots Polyclinic Dr.听Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.听Biochem.听Cell.听Arch.听2020;听20 (Supp 1): 3055-3059.
