Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a high market demand, encouraging production to minimize stress, water quality degradation and disease attack. Ectoparasite attacks come from the genera Epistylis, Zoothamnium, and Vorticella. Body defense through immunostimulants from Chlorella vulgaris extract which has bioactive compounds, vitamins and proteins. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving Chlorella vulgaris extract with different doses and length of maintenance, as well as the interaction of Chlorella vulgaris as an immunostimulant on the growth of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites. The research method used a complete randomized experimental design with a factorial pattern consisting of factor A, the dose of Chlorella vulgaris extract, namely without giving Chlorella vulgaris extract (A0), 400 mg/kg (A1), 800 mg/kg (A2), 1200 mg/kg (A3) and factor B, the length of shrimp rearing, namely 0 days (B1), 7 days (B2), 14 days (B3), 21 days (B4), 28 days (B5). This study uses three variables, namely independent variables administration of Chlorella vulgaris Extract and length of maintenance, bound variables Survival (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Absolute Growth (GR) and Absolute Growth (GR), and control variables water quality (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia). The results of the study at dose A2 with length of rearing B5 gave a real effect (p<0.05), on the growth of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites, namely survival (50%), specific growth rate (4,17%), and absolute growth (weight (1,39 grams), length (1,10 cm)).
BACKGROUND
Vaname shrimp is a species from Central and South American waters such as Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama, Brazil, and Mexico. The advantages of vaname shrimp are high adaptation to low temperatures, changes in salinity, relatively fast growth rate, responsiveness to feed, high stocking density, high survival rate, and wide market reach. Vaname shrimp consumption is relatively high based on reaching 9.4% million tons with 63% coming from aquaculture and 37% from the catch. Water quality management plays an important role in determining the success of aquaculture which can be seen from the survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and absolute growth (GR) of shrimp. Some causes of decreased production are caused by stress, decreased water quality, disease attacks, and the use of inappropriate technology. Ectoparasites that often attack vaname shrimp from the ciliate group are the genus Epistylis sp., Zoothamnium sp., and Vorticella sp.
METHOD
The research was conducted from November- April 2023. The rearing of vaname shrimp was carried out at the Anatomy and Aquaculture Laboratory and the manufacture of Chlorella vulgaris extract at the Chemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
The equipment used in this study consisted of 20 aquariums measuring 39.5 x 19.5 x 25.5 cm, aeration hose, aeration stone, 500 ml erlenmeyer, spatula, 2100 gram analytical balance, buchner funnel, rubber, erlenmeyer, vacuum pump, ultrasonication, 100 ml measuring cup, stative, clamps, rotary evaporator, pedestal flask, water bath, evaporation flask, condenser, ruler, digital scale, section set, object glass, cover glass, scissors, tweezers, tray, binocular microscope, 96% ethanol, Chlorella vulgaris powder, DO meter, pH pen, and ammonia test kit. The materials used in this study include brackish water, chlorine, Nathiosulfate, 250 vaname shrimp with the age of rearing or day of culture (DOC) 30-35 average weight of 1.89 grams with 5-7 cm ukran infested ectoparasites obtained from UD ponds. Shrimp Sari Paciran Paciran District, Lamongan, East Java.
The research method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with two factors and using 4 factors treatment group. Factorial pattern consisting of factor A is the dose of Chlorella vulgaris extract, namely: without administration of Chlorella vulgaris extract (A0), 400 mg/kg (A1), 800 mg/kg (A2), and 1,200 mg/kg (A3). Factor B is the length of time of maintenance, namely: 0 days (B1), 7 days (B2), 14 days (B3), 21 days (B4), 28 days (B5). This study uses three variables, namely independent variables consist of Administration of Chlorella vulgaris Extract and Length of Maintenance, Bound Variables consist of Survival (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Absolute Growth (GR), and Absolute Growth (GR), and then Control Variables consist of Water Quality (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Survival rate of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites during 28 days of maintenance showed a decrease but the treatment of 800 mg (A2) obtained a survival value of 50% while the lowest survival was in the treatment without the provision of Chlorella vulgaris extract (A0) with a value of 36%. The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was no interaction between Chlorella vulgaris extract and the length of maintenance had no significant effect (p>0.05). According to shrimp survival ≥50% is categorized as good, 30-50% is moderate and ≤ 30% is not good. This is in accordance with the results of the survival of vaname shrimp obtained, namely 50% which is still in the good category.
Based on the graph shows the treatment of 800 mg / kg there is a good increase compared to other dose treatments. The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was an interaction between Chlorella vulgaris extract and the length of maintenance significantly different (p<0.05) , namely in the treatment of 800 mg (A3) with the length of maintenance on day 28 can increase the specific growth rate (SGR) of vaname shrimp to 4.17%. The growth rate of shrimp fed with the addition of Chlorella vulgaris extract is relatively faster because there is a content of caratenoids in it that can increase immunoresistance to parasitic infections.
Absolute Weight Growth Based on the graph shows at a dose of 800 mg / kg there is a good increase compared to other dose treatments. The test results showed that there was an interaction between Chlorella vulgaris extract and the length of maintenance significantly different (p<0.05) namely the treatment of 800 mg (A3) with the length of maintenance on day 28 can increase the growth of absolute weight (GR) of vaname shrimp to 1.39 grams. Good and optimal growth of vaname shrimp is the influence of the compounds contained in Chlorella vulgaris extract. Chlorella vulgaris can be used as an immunostimulant material because it contains vitamin A, vitamin C, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, chlorophyll, beta carotene, and protein dominates as much as 60% with a molecular weight of 15-33 kDa.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study, Chlorella vulgaris extract has an effect in increasing survival (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and absolute growth (GR) of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Giving the best extract of Chlorella vulgaris extract to vaname shrimp in this study for 28 days is 800 mg/kg with a percentage of survival rate (50%), specific growth rate (4,17%), and absolute growth (GR weight (1,39 grams), and GR length (1,10 cm)).
Author: Prof. Dr. Gunanti Mahasri
